Abstract
A composite flocculant P(AM–DMDAAC) was synthesized by the copolymerization of acrylamide (AM) and dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride (DMDAAC). By using microwave (MV) assistance with ammonium persulfate as initiator, the synthesis had a short reaction time and yielded a product with good solubility. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and differential thermal analysis–thermogravimetric analysis were employed to determine the structure and morphology of P(AM–DMDAAC). The parameters affecting the intrinsic viscosity of P(AM–DMDAAC), such as MV time, mass ratio of DMDAAC to AM, bath time, reaction temperature, pH value, and the dosages of ammonium persulfate initiator, EDTA, sodium benzoate, and urea were examined. Results showed that the optimum synthesis conditions were MV time of 1.5 min, m(DMDAAC):m(AM) of 4:16, 0.5 wt‰ initiator, 0.4 wt‰ EDTA, 0.3 wt‰ sodium benzoate, 2 wt‰ urea, 4 h bath time, reaction temperature of 40 °C, and pH of 2. The optimal dimethyl phthalate (DMP) removal rate can reach 96.9% by using P(AM–DMDAAC), and the P(AM–DMDAAC) had better flocculation than PAM, PAC, and PFS.
Highlights
Dimethyl phthalate (DMP), a commonly used plastic plasticizer, is widely used in polyethylene plastic, artificial leather, hose, daily necessities, and medical supplies [1]
This study aimed to investigate the possibility of synthesizing the P(AM–dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride (DMDAAC)) flocculant by MV-assisted initiated polymerization with AM and DMDAAC as monomers
The effect of microwaves on reactant ions and polar molecules with different electrical properties is to make them move in the opposite direction, so that the relative motion energy and collision frequency of reactant molecules are increased, leading to the increase of pre exponential factor of microwave reaction system, and the effective collision of reaction is increased in most cases [40,41], with an abrupt increase in the temperature of the system, and inefficient dissipation of the heat of polymerization
Summary
Dimethyl phthalate (DMP), a commonly used plastic plasticizer, is widely used in polyethylene plastic, artificial leather, hose, daily necessities, and medical supplies [1]. DMP is an environmental hormone, an important global organic pollutant, and widely used as a raw material for the production of pesticide carriers, dyes, cosmetics, lubricants and defoamers [2,3,4]. With the increased use of plastics and other products, the pollution area and concentration of DMP increase annually. If necessary technical measures are not employed in time to reduce the concentration of DMP in water, the safety of drinking water may be affected [7]. Water can be treated via several physicochemical methods, such as adsorption, solvent extraction, wet oxidation, heterogeneous photocatalysis, biological treatments, and advanced oxidation [8,9,10,11,12]. Routinely available methods suffer from serious drawbacks, including high cost and the formation of hazardous byproducts requiring management and disposal
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