Abstract
Changes in the surface fluxes cause changes in the annular flow field over a region, and they affect the transport of water vapor. To study the influence of the changes in the surface flux on the water vapor transport in the upper layer in the canyon area of southeastern Tibet, in this study, the water vapor transport characteristics were analyzed using the HYSPLIT_v4 backward trajectory model at Danka and Motuo stations in the canyons in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau from November 2018 to October 2019. Then, using ERA-5 reanalysis data from 1989 to 2019 and the characteristics of the high-altitude water vapor transportation, the impact of the surface flux changes on the water vapor transportation was analyzed using singular value decomposition (SVD). The results show that the main sources of the water vapor in the study area were from the west and southwest during the non-Asian monsoon (non-AMS), while there was mainly southwest air flow and a small amount of southeast air flow in the lower layer during the Asian monsoon (AMS) at the stations in southeastern Tibet. The water vapor transmission channel of the westward airflow is higher than 3000 m, and the water vapor transmission channel of the southwestward and southeastward airflow is about 2000 m. The sensible heat and latent heat are negatively correlated with water vapor flux divergence. The southwest boundary of southeastern Tibet is a key area affecting water vapor flux divergence. When the sensible heat and latent heat exhibit downward trends during the non-Asian monsoon season, the eastward water vapor flux exhibits an upward trend. During the Asian monsoon season, when the sensible heat and latent heat in southeastern Tibet increase as a whole, the eastward water vapor flux in the total-column of southeastern Tibet increases.
Highlights
IntroductionThe Tibetan Plateau (TP) is located in Southwestern China
The 11-day backward trajectories of two observation stations located in the southeastern Tibetan Canyon from November 2018 to October 2019 were analyzed using the HYSPLIT_v4 backward trajectory model
The singular value decomposition (SVD) method was used to analyze the relationships between the sensible heat and latent heat and the water vapor flux divergence in the southeastern Tibet gorge region
Summary
The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is located in Southwestern China. It is the highest plateau in the world. It is known as the third pole of the Earth and is the source area of many rivers [1,2,3,4]. For the same troposphere height in summer, the moisture content over the plateau is much higher than that in the other surrounding areas. The sensible heating of the plateau is an important reason for the abrupt change in the East Asian circulation, which plays an important role in modulating the East Asian monsoon [5,6,7,8,9,10].
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