Abstract
Hair is an indispensable component of the animal body. Having structural features of the structure, it allows you likely to identify the type and age of animals, conditions of keeping animals, feeding and even sex. Paleontologist's findings prove, the hairline stores the undisputed information on its “owner” for thousands of years. According to the results of the conducted research it is established, that the hair coat of the studied animal species – Equinus asinus and Equus caballus – has significant differences in the structure of the brain substance and superficial drawing of the cuticle. Microscopic examination of discolored samples of animal hair well-recognizes the structure of the brain substance, which makes it possible to differentiate the species of animal. The brain substance in the donkey mane hair occupies most of the hair, is represented by densely grouped cells, sometimes interrupted, whereas in the horse mane hair, it has the appearance of grouped rounded cells with small intervals between sections of 6–10 cells. The brain substance of the donkey covering hair is represented by cells of different size and shape, which disappear from the middle of the hair to the peripheral end. This tendency is also typical for the brain substance of the horse covering hair, but unlike donkey hair – cells of the same size, begin with a continuous cord at a distance of 1–1.5 mm from the root of the hair, towards the peripheral end of the hair the gaps between them increase to the complete disappearance of cells. Ultramicroscopic examination of the cuticle superficial drawing of hair samples allowed to establish the peculiarities of two species of the same animal genus. The donkey and horse mane hair had almost the same thickness, the number of scales (waves) per 100 μm of hair length and the size of the scales (wavelength), however, the overall drawing was significantly different. Superficial drawing of hair cuticle from horse mane represented by irregular waves with sharp pointed edges of scales, instead, the donkey has fringed edges of scales. The horse's covering hair was thicker than the donkey's hair and had differences in the location and shape of the scales. Superficial drawing of covering hair cuticle of donkey represented by a regular wave of scales with clear and even edges, while the scales on the surface of the covering hair of the horse have indistinct torn edges and collected in intermittent (irregular) waves.
Highlights
The fishing industry is an important component of the economy of Ukraine at the present stage of development
At the same time in Ukraine according to the State Statistics Committee there are only 14.5 kg of fish and seafood per person on the 01.01.2019 (Derzhavna sluzhba statystyky Ukrainy)
In Ukraine the tendency to decrease the volume of fish products consumption by the population of Ukraine is observed annually, which is a consequence of the decline in fish catches and fishery production, deterioration of the main funds and insufficient financial support for the fishing industry
Summary
The fishing industry is an important component of the economy of Ukraine at the present stage of development. The aim of this work was to understand a current state of a fish products market in Ukraine, its pricing and consumption. Based on the specialized literature the evaluation of a current state of fish and fish products consumption in Ukraine and own studies of the price category of fish products in Ukraine in recent years were conducted. In 2018–2019 herring traditionally remained a leader of consumption in Ukraine Ukraine imported such species of fish: mackerel, hake, herring, salmon, pilchards, pollack, capelin, sardines, notating. The aim of this work was to establish a current state of a ly a valuable source of protein and essential microelements fish products market in Ukraine, a price policy and confor balanced nutrition and good health, and a source of sumption. To determine a share of imported products and to other aquatic organisms reproduction
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