Abstract
This work investigates the splashing behaviors of droplets impacting on solid surfaces and mainly focuses on the characteristics of secondary droplets. According to the experimental results, two different splashing patterns, corona splash and levitating-lamella breakup, are observed. A new breakup mode, named rim-segmenting, is found during the levitating-lamella breakup. In particular, the detailed information of the splashing secondary droplets, including the size, velocity, angle, and total volume of the splashing secondary droplets is obtained from the experimental data. The size distribution of the splashing secondary droplets obeys the gamma distribution function. The average diameter and splashing angle of the secondary droplets are mainly related to the Reynolds number Re, and can be expressed as functions of Re. High impact velocity and liquid viscosity will result in a wider size distribution range of splashing secondary droplets. We also put forward an empirical model to predict the total splashing volume, which is consistent with the experimental data both in this work and previous studies. This work is believed to provide insights on the prediction of the characteristics of splashing secondary droplets.
Highlights
Collisions between droplets and solid surfaces usually take place in numerous engineering fields, e.g. inkjet printing, spray cooling, surface coating, pesticide delivery, and aircraft anti-icing [1–4]
We conduct the impact experiments to study the splashing behaviors of droplets impacting on solid surfaces and mainly focus on the characteristics of secondary droplets
In the prior work [30], we have investigated the influence of liquid viscosity on droplet splashing in detail, and found the liquid viscosity plays a reversed role on the droplet splashing, i.e. the liquid viscosity promotes the droplet splashing in the low-viscosity cases but suppresses the droplet splashing in the high-viscosity cases
Summary
Collisions between droplets and solid surfaces usually take place in numerous engineering fields, e.g. inkjet printing, spray cooling, surface coating, pesticide delivery, and aircraft anti-icing [1–4]. The splashing threshold and characteristics of secondary droplets are closely related to the ice accretion prediction on solid surfaces. Burzynski et al studied the size distribution, splashing velocity, splashing angle, splashing volume of secondary droplets [24]. They found that in high-speed collisions, the splashing parameters of secondary droplets are mainly controlled by Reynolds number Re and the dimensionless average diameter Dsa/D0 is positively proportional to Re−1/2. The variation of liquid viscosity cannot be ignored when predicting the ice accretion of SLDs. Here, we conduct the impact experiments to study the splashing behaviors of droplets impacting on solid surfaces and mainly focus on the characteristics of secondary droplets.
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