Abstract
The ambient air concentrations of PM10 were observed in Bangkok and its vicinity areas including Nonthaburi and Nakhon Pathom, Thailand. The selected study areas are located near heavy-traffic roads with a high concentration of traffic-related air pollution. The ambient air samples were collected in the winter season (October 2019 to February 2020). The highest average level of PM10 was found in Nonthaburi (66.63 µg/m3), followed by Bangkok (56.79 µg/m3) and Nakhon Pathom (40.18 µg/m3), respectively. The morphology of these particles is typically spherical and irregular shape particles. At the sampling site in Bangkok, these particles are primarily composed of C, O, and Si, and a certain amount of metals such as Fe, Cu, and Cr. Some trace amount of other elements such as Ca, Na, and S are present in minor concentration. The particles collected from Nakhon Pathom and Nonthaburi sampling sites contain the main abundant elements C, O, and Si, followed by Cu, Cr, S, Fe, Ca, and Na, respectively. These particles are an agglomeration of carbon particles resulting from the incomplete combustion of organic matter. Their origin may be associated with road dust, vehicle emission, and the erosion of building products. It can be noted that the levels and characteristics of PM10 are key factors in understanding the behavior of the particles in not only atmospheric visibility but also human health risks.
Highlights
Nowadays, particulate matter (PM) is the most serious problem of air pollution in Thailand, and especially in Bangkok and its vicinity areas
All detected concentrations of PM10 did not exceed the 24-h PM10 standard of Thailand (120 μg/m3 ), excepted for the PM10 levels monitored in Nonthaburi Province
The PM10 data of the sampling days reported by Pollution Department Control showed the mean concentration of PM10 at Nonthaburi Province was 66.63 ± 42.17 μg/m3, the PM10 concentration derived from the sample collected on the samples of 9th December exceeded the standard value
Summary
Particulate matter (PM) is the most serious problem of air pollution in Thailand, and especially in Bangkok and its vicinity areas. PM10 are principally derived from transport vehicle fuels that are the dominant source of pollution in the ambient air. Pb, Cr, Cd, Cu, Zn, and Fe were the predominant contributors of trace elements, which generated from automobiles [6] Chronic exposure to these components that are bound to PM has a wide range of health effects. Morphological feature and elemental chemical composition of composition of particulate particulate matter. The physical-chemical andchemical morphological determinations to emission sources. The physical-chemical and morphological determinations of particulates are one of the main aspects for identification of emission sources as well of as particulates are one of the main aspects for identification of emission sources as well as environmental and health effects [8,9].
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