Abstract
Bali cattle are one of the original Indonesian germplasm, which in its development were found to be hornless or polled. Polled are Balinese cattle whose horns do not grow naturally, but have the same characteristics as those with horns. However, there are indications that polled have a lower libido. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of libido and testosterone concentration after gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) injection. In this study each of 7 male polled and horned Bali cattle aged 3.5-6 years were used. Libido characteristics were observed by recording the first time the male fondled the teaser until ejaculation, while the testosterone concentration was measured using blood plasma taken on day 0 or before injection, day 7<sup>th</sup>, and day 14<sup>th</sup> after GnRH injection. Testosterone analysis used enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The results showed that the libido of polled was not different (P&gt;0.05) compared to that of the horned on the 0, 7<sup>th</sup> and 14<sup>th</sup> days after GnRH injection. However, in polled on the 7<sup>th</sup> day after GnRH injection, it was significantly lower than on day 0 and 14, but on day 0 it was not different with day 14. Testosterone concentration on day 7 after injection of GnRH was not different (P&gt;0.05) compared to day 0 both in polled and horned bulls, but on day 14 after injection was significantly higher (P&lt;0.05) in horned than polled. In conclusion, polled and horned Bali bulls had high libido with a score of +1, but on the 7<sup>th</sup> day after GnRH injection, polled had lower libido than horns. The testosterone concentrations of polled and horned on day 7 after GnRH injection were not different compared to day 0, while the 14<sup>th</sup> day was higher in horned bull.
Highlights
Bali cattle is one of the Indonesia original germplasms which has great potential to produce breeds with high quality, and to supply the needs of animal protein
The testosterone concentrations of polled and horned on day 7 after gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) injection were not different compared to day 0, while the 14th day was higher in horned bull
Libido is an expression of engodenous control, especially related to Luteinizing Hormone (LH) or testosterone levels in the blood, as well as stimulation of exogenous through physiological processes and reproduction experience (Mondal et al 2019)
Summary
Bali cattle is one of the Indonesia original germplasms which has great potential to produce breeds with high quality, and to supply the needs of animal protein. The polled character of males does not have a negative effect on the growth It can be seen in the weight of polled Bali cattle which is relatively same as the weight of horned at the same age (Zulkharnaim et al 2017). In reality in the field, there are indications that male polled Bali cattle have a lower libido than horned (Hasbi et al 2021), which has an impact on the difficulty of semen collection. This is thought to be related to hormonal imbalances, especially testosterone. Based on report by Monaco et al (2015) that injection of GnRH at a dose of 100 μg might enhance temporarily testosterone levels in camels, and reach a peak 2 to 3 hours after administration
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