CHARACTERISTICS OF INTRAHEPATIC BILE DUCT IN HUMANS AND MAMMALS WITH DIFFERENT TYPES OF NUTRITION

Abstract

Bile acids are the main component of the content of the bile ducts and ensure the rate of water entry into the bile ducts, and therefore the rate of primary bile formation. Regulation of the fl ow of bile acids into the ducts through the appropriate transport systems is responsible for the intensity of bile secretion. These regulators are mainly bile acids themselves, which can modulate the function of bile acid transporters by two main mechanisms. Acute changes in the functional activity of membrane bile acid transporters occur mainly through post-transcriptional mechanisms, while chronic adaptive responses are realized by regulating their transcription.The aim of the study was to investigate the structural organization of intrahepatic bile ducts in humans and mammals in relation to the type of diet.Material and methods. The studies were conducted on the livers of a pig, a fox, a sheep, which were selected from the same breed, aged 1 year, and humans aged 50-60 years. The walls of intrahepatic bile ducts were studied. Paraffi n blocks were made according to the generally accepted method. Hematoxylin- eosin staining was used. Microphotography was performed with a Micromed XS-5510 microscope using a DCM 900 microphotomount. Processing of the obtained photos was performed using the TSView program. Processing of the obtained morphometric parameters was carried out according to the generally accepted rules of variation statistics. Using Microsoft Excel 2019 software based on the Windows 10 cooperative system. The results are presented as the mean value of the trait (M) and standard deviation (SD) for each sample or as a percentage increase compared to the control. The nonparametric Mann- Whitney test was used to determine the statistical signifi cance of intergroup diff erences, which was considered statistically signifi cant at P<0.05.Results. In the study of histological specimens, we found that the mucous membrane of the intrahepatic bile ducts diff ers depending on the type of meal. The results showed that mammals with a carnivorous and herbivorous meal had a more complex structure of the inner lining of the bile ducts compared to omnivorous mammals and humans. Thus, the revealed structural diff erences in the bile ducts of humans and mammals, in our opinion, indicate an adaptive restructuring and functioning of epithelial cells, which were caused by species- specifi c features of the diet.