Abstract
Background: gait disorders are common among 80% of stroke patients. The consequences include an increased risk of falls and functional limitations, which can significantly reduce the quality of life. Aims: to investigate the functional profile of hemiparesis resulting from subacute ischemic stroke. Materials and methods: an observational, retrospective, one-stage, single-center study was conducted, which included an analysis of primary biomechanical gait parameters in 31 patients and 34 healthy controls. Spatial, temporal, kinematic and EMG characteristics were recorded. A statistical assessment, inter-group and intra-group comparison of the collected data were performed to identify the pathognomonic features of hemiplegic gait in patients with subacute stroke. Results: changes in gait biomechanics typical for hemiparetic patients who have suffered ischemic stroke were revealed: slight asymmetry of step cycle, normal duration of support period on the paretic side, a significant increase in duration of support period on the healthy side, as well as shortening of single support period on the paretic side. In addition, the asymmetry of the walking function was revealed to be characterized by changes in reciprocity, i.e. a harmonious sequence of step cycles. The function of the hip and knee joints was reduced and altered, as well as the amplitude of the ankle joint was increased. Decrease and change in the bioelectric activity profile of muscles was detected. At the same time, the quadriceps femoris function suffered the least. Conclusions: the main changes in walking function are characterized by an asymmetry of spatio-temporal parameters, a decrease in movement amplitudes of the hip and knee joints on the paretic side, an increase in amplitude of the ankle joint, a decrease in the bioelectric activity of muscles and a shift in the phases of their activity. The results obtained may contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms behind hemiplegic gait and provide a valuable tool for developing more personalized and targeted rehabilitation plans for patients suffering hemiparesis as a result of subacute ischemic stroke.
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