Characteristics of diluted magnetic semiconductor based on Mn-doped TiO2 nanorod array films

Abstract

In this work, un-doped and Mn-doped TiO2 nanorod (NR) array films were successfully prepared by hydrothermal method that deposited on FTO substrate at different molar ratios (x = 0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.075, and 0.1). The prepared samples were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). XRD illustrates the pure rutile phase in all samples. The preferred orientation along [001] for pure sample convert to [101] direction with increasing doping content. Lattice constants increase with increasing doping content. The top view of FESEM images show the uniformly distributed nanorod arrays. The nanorods’ length decrease, and their diameters increase with increasing doping content. The nanorods start to bevel from its vertical direction after doping. The crystal size of TiO2 NRs with different manganese doping has calculated using the Williamson-Hall plot. The saturation magnetism appeared in pure titanium oxide has been attributed to the oxygen vacancies, while it changed to diluted magnetic semiconductor after doped with Mn.