Characteristics of adult onset vs. late onset asthma - a multinational database cohort study

Abstract

Background: Although early onset asthma has been well characterised, data on adult onset asthma are scarce. Aims: To describe characteristics of adult onset asthma using data from 5 European electronic health record (EHR) databases in the study period 2008-2013. Methods: Asthma patients aged ≥18 yrs at diagnosis (COPD excluded) and with ≥1 year of follow-up were identified in EHR databases from the Netherlands (IPCI), Italy (HSD), UK (CPRD), Denmark (AUH) and Spain (SIDIAP). Patients were categorised into early adult onset asthma (>=18-39 yrs) or late onset asthma (>=40 yrs) based on the age at diagnosis. Characteristics were assessed at study start. Differences were tested with Chi-Square and Mann Whitney U test. The analysis was repeated in severe asthma only (use of high dose ICS + controller therapy for ≥120 days). Results: We included 504,745 patients (median age from 44.5-48.0 yrs) with asthma of whom 40,193 (8.0%) had severe asthma. The proportion of late onset asthma was 56.8% (range 56-60.1% across database) which increased to 70.4% (range 66.5-91.6%) in severe asthma. Compared to early adult onset asthma, patients with late onset asthma were less frequently atopic (range 9.2-28.7% across database vs. 21.5-39.5%), suffered more frequently from chronic rhinosinusitis (0.4-11.2% vs. 0.2-8.0%) and/or nasal polyposis (0.6-4.6% vs. 0.3-1.7%), GERD (2.8-14.3% vs. 0.9-7.5%) and obesity (10.5-72.2% vs. 9.3-54.7%) and had lower median IgE levels (63-91 vs. 108-226 IU/L)(all significant). Similar patterns were observed among severe asthma only. Conclusion: Differences in comorbidity in late onset vs. early adult onset asthma may be important for asthma management. GSK funded (PRJ2284)