Characteristics and prognostic implications of pre-shock and normotensive cardiogenic shock in the Critical Care Cardiology Trials Network Registry

Abstract

Abstract Background Limited data exist regarding the epidemiology and prognostic implications of pre-shock and normotensive cardiogenic shock (CS) states. Moreover, optimal staging of risk for pts with isolated hypotension versus isolated hypoperfusion remains unclear. Purpose We sought to compare characteristics and outcomes of pre-shock states and normotensive CS as compared with conventional CS. Methods The Critical Care Cardiology Trials Network (CCCTN) is an investigator-initiated multicenter registry of CICUs coordinated by the TIMI Study Group. Consecutive admissions (n=22,869) from 42 centers (2017-2022) were stratified into groups of isolated low CO, isolated hypotension, normotensive CS, and SCAI Stage C CS using criteria in Fig A. Results A total of 1,754 were stratified into one of the four groups: 5% isolated low CO, 9% isolated hypotension, 13% normotensive CS, and 74% SCAI stage C CS. Prior HF was more common in pts w/ isolated low CO (73%) and normotensive CS (60%), compared to pts w/ isolated hypotension (44%) or SCAI stage C CS (55%) (global p<0.001). Overall, in-hospital mortality was 18.4% with marked differences among groups (global p < 0.001; Fig B). Specifically, mortality was significantly lower in those with an isolated low CO or isolated hypotension than among the normotensive CS group (pairwise p [isolated hypotension vs. normotensive CS] = 0.03; Fig B). In contrast, mortality rates among admissions with normotensive CS vs. SCAI stage C CS did not significantly differ (pairwise p=0.08; Fig B). Conclusions Normotensive CS is associated with a >2-fold higher in-hospital mortality compared with isolated hypotension or an isolated low CO state. These findings indicate that the presence of malperfusion, irrespective of hypotension, is associated with worse outcomes in CS. These data may inform refinement of CS staging with respect to pre-shock states.Figure