Abstract
The pollution problem caused by urban black and odorous waters has received much attention from the Chinese government. Our research aims at systematically identifying the characteristics and the influential factors of spatial differentiation of urban black and odorous waters across China. The research, based on the data of black and odorous waters from 2100 Chinese cities, was conducted with the spatial analysis tool of ArcGIS. We found that the amount of Chinese urban black and odorous waters varied in spatial distribution, which was an agglomerated type with significant agglomeration. The kernel density was characterized by independent single kernel centers with ribbon-like and sporadic distributions of subcenters. The cold and hot spots showed a gradient distribution pattern of cold in the southwest and hot in the central east. These spatial distribution characteristics could be attributed to the following core factors, total wastewater discharge, length of urban drainage pipelines, municipal solid waste collection, daily urban sewage treatment capacity, and investment in urban pollution treatment of wastewater. The findings reveal the current geospatial distribution of black and odorous waters pollution and provide reference for the Chinese government to treat the pollution from several key points. Lastly, it is suggested that the Chinese government should establish joint control, joint prevention, and joint treatment mechanisms in the black and odorous waters areas and improve the safety standards of the whole water environment, so as to promote the treatment and elimination of urban black and odorous waters.
Highlights
The developing areas of China are facing serious environmental problems such as water pollution, air pollution, land pollution, and solid waste pollution [1]
The results of this study provide a scientific reference for the Chinese government to understand and treat urban black and odorous waters and the overall water environment in this country
Urban black and odorous waters were mainly concentrated in Guangdong, Anhui, Hunan, Shandong, Jiangsu, Hubei, and Henan provinces within range of the 31 provincial study areas identified
Summary
The developing areas of China are facing serious environmental problems such as water pollution, air pollution, land pollution, and solid waste pollution [1]. During the process of economic and social development, water bodies with an unpleasant color or smell that emerge within urban built-up areas are collectively referred to as urban black and odorous waters. These black and odorous waters are regarded as a prominent problem regarding the water environment and urban pollution because they do destroy ecosystems such as rivers, lakes, and ponds and greatly harm resident productivity, life, and health [7,8]. A systematic study of the problem of urban black and odorous waters in China is of great practical significance
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