Characteristic comparison between canine and human dental mesenchymal stem cells for periodontal regeneration research in preclinical animal studies

Abstract

The effectiveness of stem cell-based periodontal tissue engineering need to be assessed by preclinical animal studies. Dog models are widely used animal models; however, there are not sufficient data on characterization of canine dental mesenchymal stem cells. Therefore, we aimed to compare the characteristics among canine and human periodontal ligament stem cells and canine and human dental pulp stem cells. Canine periodontal ligament stem cells and dental pulp stem cells showed significantly weaker clonogenic capability, and proliferation and migration capacity, and they displayed lower positive rates for CD90, CD73, CD105, and STRO-1. All of these canine and human cells showed multilineage differentiation potential. After osteogenic induction, the expression of alkaline phosphatase was obviously upregulated in human dental mesenchymal stem cells, but it was not upregulated in canine dental pulp stem cells. Other osteogenic genes, such as runt-related transcription factor 2 and bone morphogenetic protein 2, were upregulated in all induced canine and human cells, but their upregulation occurred later in canine cells. These results confirmed the stem cell properties of canine mesenchymal stem cells, but also suggested that more attention should be paid to the choice of appropriate research approaches, osteogenic gene markers, and time points for the utilization of canine dental mesenchymal stem cells due to their distinct characteristics.