Abstract

 Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is one of the diagnoses reported in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19 patients). Meanwhile, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has the potential to cause endothelial dysfunction, increase thrombin generation and inhibit fibrinolysis. This causes hyper coagulopathy, with the potential to become CVT. Therefore, this study aims to determine the characteristics of CVT cases in COVID-19 patients. This systematic review refers to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis) guidelines. The articles were obtained systematically from online databases, Pubmed, Science Direct, as well as Google Scholar, using the search keywords ("COVID 19" OR "SARS-CoV-2 infection" OR "COVID-19 virus disease" OR "2019-nCoV infection" OR "coronavirus disease 2019" OR "coronavirus disease-19" OR "2019- nCoV disease "OR" COVID-19 virus infection") AND" cerebral venous thrombosis " as well as " cerebral venous thrombosis ". After deduplication, eligibility criteria selection and critical assessment on journals, the study reviewed eight patients from four case reports and two case series. According to the characterization, CVT patients with COVID-19 had a mean age of 42.4 years, were mostly male, tended to be cryptogenic, as well as varied neurological symptoms, and increased D-Dimer in most cases. All patients showed CVT features on imaging and were treated using mostly anticoagulants. Five out of the eight patients (50%) died.
Highlights
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which started in Wuhan, China in December 2019
This study analysed the demographics of clinical, laboratory (D-dimer) manifestations, neuroimaging, therapy, and Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) case outcomes in COVID-19 patients
This study identified the mean age of CVT patients with COVID-19 at 42.37 years, with a range of 23 - 65 years
Summary
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which started in Wuhan, China in December 2019. The common presenting symptoms and signs include fever, cough and shortness of breath. Some typical pulmonary findings have been observed on chest CT and chest radiographs (Goldberg et al, 2020). The neurologic manifestations extend from mild to severe, including impaired consciousness, acute cerebrovascular disease, and seizures. A recent study reported a presumptive case of COVID-19– associated acute necrotizing haemorrhagic encephalopathy, while an increased associated risk of cerebrovascular complications was most common. Literature reports showed an extensive deep cerebral vein thrombosis with haemorrhagic venous infarction in a patient having positive diagnostics for SARS-CoV-2, with no known thrombosis risk factor (Chougar et al, 2020)
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