Abstract
World consumption of energy is estimated to increase by 49 % from 2007 to 2035, which means averagely 1.4 % yr–1. Many countries in the world began to develop alternative energy that can overcome the resources. Microalgae is one of the renewable energy that has excellent potential for making biodiesel because it contains much oil. Microalgae is the fastest organism in the photosynthesis, so it makes microalgae have high productivity. In this article, researchers use Chlorella sp. because these microalgae contain oil up to 28 % to 32 % from its dry weight, and on the other hand, this type of microalgae is easy to grow and easy to harvest. From the experimental results, the density characteristics of biodiesel Chlorella sp. have values from 0.84 g mL–1 to 0.848 g mL–1, and it is lower than the density of petroleum (diesel), and viscosity value from 2.5 cSt to 3.91 cSt, cetane numbers 51.17 to 53.72 also heating value 44.04 mJ kg–1 and Flashpoint 131 °C. The characteristic result shows that the Chlorella sp. microalgae biodiesel is still in SNI standard (Indonesia National Standard) so that the Chlorella sp. can be used as a substitute diesel fuel.
Highlights
The development of biofuel as renewable energy becomes really important because many countries make biofuel as the key point to reduce the oil crisis in the developed country
Biodiesel has a high potential to replace the petroleum product because many researchers have concluded that biodiesel fuel can be used without changing the design of the existing diesel engine
Microalgae Chlorella sp. is a promising raw material in the future as biodiesel; the advantage of microalgae is quite extensive in Indonesia
Summary
The development of biofuel as renewable energy becomes really important because many countries make biofuel as the key point to reduce the oil crisis in the developed country. The oil substitution from corn oil, soybean, and palm oil will clash with the interests of human food consumption, and if the oil from plants is still produced to substitute petroleum (diesel), the price will not competitive [3,4,5]. Animal fats contain free fatty acids, and high-water content which can reduce the quality of biodiesel [6], besides animal fat is still needed for human consumption and the manufacture of oleochemical products. For animal fat waste, such as chicken fat, it is generally used for animal food and fish To overcome this problem, it is necessary to look at other natural materials that have the potential of making biodiesel, and one of the natural resources that have the potential to become biodiesel is microalgae. Compared to other types of microalgae, the oil content in this microalgae is quite high at 28 % to 32 % of its dry weight [12]
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