Abstract
Porous coatings on titanium may be obtained by AC or DC Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) process. One has to point out that depending on the plasma treatment the ranges of voltages used are different. It has been found that for DC PEO processing the voltage must be higher than that in the case of AC PEO treatment. In addition, the shape and frequency of the voltage signal have also an impact. Produced coatings were examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GDEOS). It was found that it is possible to obtain the porous coatings enriched with phosphorus and copper by use of DC-PEO at 500, 575 and 650 VDC, whereas increasing the PEO voltage results in an increase of Cu/P (copper-to-phosphorus) atomic ratio. Furthermore, based on GDEOS data, three sublayers with different elements concentrations were detected ranging as follows 0-350, 350-2100, 2100-2900 seconds of sputtering time for 575 VDC. Based on XPS results the top 10 nm layer, consisted mainly of titanium (Ti4+), copper (Cu+ and/or Cu2+), and phosphates (PO43–, HPO42–, H2PO4–, P2O73–).
Highlights
Titanium and its alloys may be used as biomaterials
The electropolishing techniques [1–8] are used to obtain nanocoatings, while the micro coatings may be formed during the Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO), known as Micro Arc Oxidation (MAO), on titanium [9– 11] and its alloys [12–24]
The CP Titanium Grade 2 samples with dimensions of 10 mm × 10 mm × 2 mm were treated by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO)
Summary
Titanium and its alloys may be used as biomaterials. The electropolishing techniques [1–8] are used to obtain nanocoatings, while the micro coatings may be formed during the Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO), known as Micro Arc Oxidation (MAO), on titanium [9– 11] and its alloys [12–24]. DC and AC voltages of several hundred volts; in addition it should be noted that errors related to the voltage instability as well as with the distortion associated with the shape of the wave are affected [30-31] They are from obtained by DC PEO processes with the use of concentrated phosphoric acid based electrolyte in different conditions were described in previous papers [32-37]. The aim of this work is to present results of studies of DC PEO process with the use of electrolyte based on concentrated phosphoric acid H3PO4 with the addition of copper nitrate trihydrate Cu(NO2)2ꞏ3H2O to investigate effect of different voltages [500, 575] and 650 VDC on the obtained coatings physical and chemical properties
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