Abstract
BackgroundRecent evidence suggests that the gut microbiota is an important contributing factor to obesity and obesity related metabolic disorders, known as the metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study was to characterise the intestinal microbiota in two pig models of obesity namely Göttingen minipigs and the Ossabaw minipigs.Methods and FindingsThe cecal, ileal and colonic microbiota from lean and obese Osabaw and Göttingen minipigs were investigated by Illumina-based sequencing and by high throughput qPCR, targeting the 16S rRNA gene in different phylogenetic groups of bacteria. The weight gain through the study was significant in obese Göttingen and Ossabaw minipigs. The lean Göttingen minipigs’ cecal microbiota contained significantly higher abundance of Firmicutes (P<0.006), Akkermensia (P<0.01) and Methanovibribacter (P<0.01) than obese Göttingen minipigs. The obese Göttingen cecum had higher abundances of the phyla Spirochaetes (P<0.03), Tenericutes (P<0.004), Verrucomicrobia (P<0.005) and the genus Bacteroides (P<0.001) compared to lean minipigs. The relative proportion of Clostridium cluster XIV was 7.6-fold higher in cecal microbiota of obese Göttingen minipigs as compared to lean. Obese Ossabaw minipigs had a higher abundance of Firmicutes in terminal ileum and lower abundance of Bacteroidetes in colon than lean Ossabaw minipigs (P<0.01). Obese Ossabaws had significantly lower abundances of the genera Prevotella and Lactobacillus and higher abundance of Clostridium in their colon than the lean Ossabaws. Overall, the Göttingen and Ossabaw minipigs displayed different microbial communities in response to diet-induced obesity in the different sections of their intestine.ConclusionObesity-related changes in the composition of the gut microbiota were found in lean versus obese Göttingen and Ossabaw minipigs. In both pig models diet seems to be the defining factor that shapes the gut microbiota as observed by changes in different bacteria divisions between lean and obese minipigs.
Highlights
Obesity in humans has reached epidemic proportions worldwide, which is mainly due to a combination of inactive lifestyle and increased energy intake [1]
This low grade inflammation is connected to low, but constant levels of LPS in the circulation and to increased levels of adiposity and insulin resistance [13]. Together these findings suggest that high-fat diet (HFD) and obesity are associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis leading to alterations of gut barrier and resulting in an increased level of circulating LPS and a low grade inflammation
In this study we investigate the composition of the gut microbiota in relation to diet, obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in two pig models, Gottingen and Ossabaw minipigs
Summary
Obesity in humans has reached epidemic proportions worldwide, which is mainly due to a combination of inactive lifestyle and increased energy intake [1]. Other studies in mice have demonstrated changes in the composition of the gut microbiota independently of the obese state and in response to high-fat/high-energy diet, suggesting other mechanisms that may contribute to obesity and metabolic syndrome [11,12]. This low grade inflammation is connected to low, but constant levels of LPS in the circulation and to increased levels of adiposity and insulin resistance [13] Together these findings suggest that high-fat diet (HFD) and obesity are associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis leading to alterations of gut barrier and resulting in an increased level of circulating LPS and a low grade inflammation (reviewed in [17]). In this study we investigate the composition of the gut microbiota in relation to diet, obesity and MetS in two pig models, Gottingen and Ossabaw minipigs. The aim of this study was to characterise the intestinal microbiota in two pig models of obesity namely Gottingen minipigs and the Ossabaw minipigs
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