Abstract
This chapter discusses the special biochemical functions of certain organs. There are certain special structures that perform particular biochemical functions within the cell, so do certain definite organs perform particular functions within the organism. Food is digested by hydrolases that catalyze the cleavage of high molecular foodstuffs like proteins, starch, and neutral fat, to low molecular, largely water-soluble components such as amino acids, simple sugars, glycerol, and fatty acids. The pancreas is the most important site of production of digestive enzymes: proteinases, peptidases, upases, nucleases, etc. The pancreatic juice, itself alkaline, enters the intestine and first neutralizes the acidity coming from the stomach. The liver also occupies a central role in protein metabolism. Almost all the amino acids freed by intestinal digestion reach the liver through the portal vein. Some are used for the synthesis of proteins, for example, the blood proteins albumin and fibrinogen, while some are broken down further.
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