Abstract
This chapter discusses the diffraction of X-rays in crystals. The phenomenon of X-ray diffraction in crystals occupies a special place in the electrodynamics of matter because the wavelengths concerned are comparable with the interatomic distances. This chapter also discusses the diffused thermal scattering of X-rays. One cause of non-coherent scattering is the thermal fluctuations of density. This scattering is diffusely distributed in all directions, but it is characterized by a relatively high intensity near directions corresponding to the sharp lines of the structural scattering. The thermal oscillations of the crystal lattice can be represented as the combinations of sound waves. The maxima of the thermal scattering arise from wavelengths compared with the lattice constant. The change in the electron density because of such a wave can be regarded, at any point, as a simple displacement of the lattice by an amount equal to the local value of the displacement vector in the wave.
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