Abstract
Stimulus-sensitive hydrogels have become suitable soft and multifunctional materials for biomedical applications such as, tissue engineering, soft robotic actuators or controlled release of bioactive substances, such as drugs, growth factors, or cells. In addition, these materials are promising candidates for the manufacture of customized scaffolds for patients by 3D printing. 4D bioprinting is therefore, a fructiferous area which aims to create 3D patterned biological three-dimensional matrixes that can undergo changes in their structure under various stimuli, such as, temperature, pH, light, and electric and magnetic stimulus. In this chapter, a review of the different stimuli-responsive hydrogels according to the kinds of external changes is addressed and their more recent applications in biomedical and 4D bioprinting are summarized.
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