Abstract
Exosomes are cell-derived membrane vesicles and constitute an endogenous mechanism for cell–cell communication. Since the discovery of exosomes which are capable of carrying biological messages, exosome getting attention by scientists as drug delivery vesicle and biomarkers for deadly diseases. Their unique structure, biocompatibility, higher stability, lower toxicity, preferred tumor homing, and adjustable targeting efficiency make exosome an attractive potential blister of drug delivery method for cancer and brain diseases. Currently, surface modification with DNA tethers, cationic polymers, and CRISPR9 makes engineered exosome ideal drug delivery vehicles. However, lack of optimized production methodologies is the primary barrier for therapeutic application because of their heterogeneity and low productivity. Despite these limitations, scientists have achieved potential therapeutic efficiency compared with traditional drug delivery systems. Besides, the improvement of the therapeutic potential and delivery efficiency of exosomes is essential for their therapeutic application. In this chapter, we summarized current knowledge on exosome therapeutic application and discussed some challenges with successful use in the field of cancer, autoimmune diseases, and central nervous system diseases. We also present the future direction and perspective of exosome drug delivery in clinical applications.
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