Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of antennas and transmission line measurements. Antennas are used to convert the electrical signal produced by a transmitter into a transverse electromagnetic wave that can propagate through space. The transmitter is located right at the feedpoint of the antenna. Generally, a transmitter is connected to its antenna through a transmission line. It is necessary to characterize the antenna and the transmission line to determine whether the antenna is working correctly. Several factors interact to affect the antenna's operation: transmitter, transmission line, and impedance matching among the elements. The transmitter produces a radio frequency (RF) output power level on a specified frequency. This power is transferred to the antenna by way of the transmission line. All electrical source devices, including transmitters, exhibit output impedance. The maximum power transfer occurs only when the transmitter is connected to a load impedance equal to the source impedance. In a typical system, the transmission line must be matched at one end to the antenna and at the other end to the transmitter for maximum power transfer to occur.
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