Chapter Three - Structures, Materials, and Scale

Abstract

This chapter discusses that building in an electric field, effective fields, or both does the creation of the symmetry-breaking region. The diffusion is relatively unimportant in charge separation and photovoltaic action. It can be very important in charge collection. The mathematical system of equations describing the physics of solar cells shows the presence of an electric field, the presence of effective force fields, and diffusion, as the three possible causes of photovoltaic action. There are absorbers with absorption and collection lengths both in the nano-scale, absorption lengths in the microscale and collection lengths in the nano-scale, and absorption and collection lengths both in the microscale. This chapter assesses the impact of effective force fields on photovoltaic action, one needs to create a structure in which there is no built-in electric field in TE but there is an effective force field for electrons, holes, or both. All three sources of photovoltaic action may exist simultaneously in a structure, but built-in electric field and effective fields are the major sources.