Abstract
Space photovoltaics are not normally associated with nuclear energy conversion. Yet, the p-n junction has applications in direct conversion of nuclear energy. Devices based on betavoltaics, which harvest the energy of beta emitters, alphavoltaics, which harvest the energy of alpha emitters, and photon intermediate direct energy conversion, which use photons produced through nuclear interactions with matter to power photovoltaics, have been demonstrated. These devices and other potential manifestations of direct energy conversion systems based on nuclear power in concert with the p-n junction are feasible for the generation of power in space. This chapter provides background on nuclear energy conversion and photovoltaics for space applications. The majority of the discussion focuses on the main problems associated with p-n junctions and isotopic power sources: availability of isotopes, radiation damage, and low power density.
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