Abstract
This chapter describes the biology of bacteria. Bacteria are usually present wherever there is dead organic material; they are consequently widely distributed in nature, being found on the surfaces of the body, in soil, dust, water, manure, and the air. The majority of bacteria are not restricted in their distribution, as they are able to survive and multiply under very simple conditions; others, however, can only grow under special circumstances and their presence in any vicinity is governed by the local conditions. Bacteria have been classified according to their growth requirements into two indefinite groups, but this arrangement is far from satisfactory. Bacteria that normally grow at the expense of dead organic matter have been termed saprophytes. A relatively small number of bacteria multiply under natural conditions only in the body tissues and have been called parasites.
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