Abstract
This chapter discusses the general theories and basic laws that govern the wind machines. It also explains the concepts of aerodynamics. The machines that are used to produce power from the wind can be classified mainly in two different groups: horizontal-axis machines and vertical-axis machines. The main element of a wind machine is the blade. Ancient windmills or modern wind turbines have many blades, which are fastened on a hub and constitute the rotor. In a wind turbine, the wind rotor is considered ideal because it has no hub and has an infinite number of blades that offer no resistance drag to the passage of air through it. Thus, it is a pure energy converter. The aerodynamics of the rotor can be defined in various ways, such as rotor axis, rotor diameter, plane of rotation, and blade axis. The axis of rotation of the rotor is called rotor axis. The diameter of the area that is swept by the rotor is called rotor diameter.
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