Abstract
This chapter describes the basic methods of experimental stress analysis. The photoelastic method of stress analysis is based on the fact that the majority of transparent isotropic materials become optically anisotropic under the effect of a load producing a stress. Optical anisotropy results in double refraction when light is passed through the model. Double refraction is seen in the ability of certain crystals to split a ray of light into two rays when refracting it. Monochromatic light emanating from the source in the form of natural disordered waves is polarized and ordered into a parallel beam with a given wavelength λ, and then used to illuminate the model. In plane-polarized light, the waves move in parallel planes. The optical bench uses a polarizer to obtain polarized light. As a result of the optical anisotropy, the vibrations of the two rays obtained after double refraction in the loaded model travel through the model plate with unequal velocities.
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