Abstract
This chapter deals with the recent advances in electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) methods especially using multifrequency including low- and high-field EPR on Zero-Field Splitting, g-anisotropy, and role in in vivo EPR spectroscopy. It also includes advances in pulsed-EPR using electron spin echo, field-swept, echo-detected, saturation recovery EPR for measurement of electron spin–relaxation times. Time-resolved and rapid-scan EPRs are discussed to study the unstable free radicals intermediates. The theory and application of multipulse EPR, viz., electron spin echo envelope modulation (ESEEM) including two-pulse ESEEM, three-pulse ESEEM, and two-dimensional hyperfine sublevel correlation (HYSCORE) are discussed. Furthermore, multiresonance EPR techniques viz., electron–nuclear double resonance (ENDOR), continuous wave (CW) ENDOR, Pulsed ENDOR and its types, Davies ENDOR, and Mims ENDOR are described. In addition, electron–electron double resonance (ELDOR) CW and pulsed ELDOR or double electron–electron resonance for distance measurements are presented.
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