Abstract
In sports nutrition, the use of genetic information to personalize a nutritional regime seems to be useful to maximize athletic performances. The genetic variability between individuals can affect physical properties (muscle strength, skeletal structure, heart and lung size, tendon elasticity) but also nutrients absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. Despite genetic testing for predicting sports performance and talent identification being continuously on the rise in the market, nutrigenetic/nutrigenomic aspects are less known and applied. This is due to the complexity in the identification of associations of different polymorphisms in nutrition, especially because every polymorphism can affect directly or indirectly different other genes, proteins, or metabolic pathways. In this chapter, we analyze the latest advances on the application of nutrition and genetics in sport, from scientific evidence on the role of macro- and micronutrients in sports performance, to the application of phytonutritional epigenomics in the field and future perspectives.
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