Abstract
Vasopressin is a small neuropeptide initially identified as the physiologically essential antidiuretic hormone more than 50years ago. Since then, it has increasingly become apparent that vasopressin is an important hormonal component of the response to stress. In fact, it appears that the antidiuretic effect is only one of several biologically significant actions of vasopressin exerted during the response to stress. This review highlights the main features of vasopressin as a stress hormone produced by relatively simple hypothalamic neurons that release their neurotransmitters into the blood stream and also send axonal projections to key parts of the brain that control the response to stressful environmental challenges. Special focus is on the role of vasopressin in (1) setting the efficacy of adrenal corticosteroid feedback inhibition; (2) the stress of pain; and (3) supporting the response to inflammation.
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