Abstract
Municipal sludge has a chemical composition comparable to that of manure; it might benefit both soil fertility and plant growth. However, modern municipal wastewater treatment technology includes using different coagulants, which may have a negative impact on the environment. Municipal sludge also contains pathogen microorganisms and an unpleasant odor. As a result, the direct application of municipal sludge creates a risk for soil contamination and the dissemination of disease. Modern technology for municipal sludge pretreatment has shown the possibility of minimizing the risk of secondary pollution, providing complete disinfection of sludge, and neutralizing unpleasant smells. Advanced technologies allow the conversion of sludge into highly effective soil amendment which can improve numerous soil parameters and organo-mineral fertilizer for the optimization of complex plant nutrition.
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