Abstract
Trees require sunlight, water, and nutrients to thrive, and their vertical and horizontal growth depends on their ability to use electromagnetic energy to convert carbon dioxide into other organic compounds such as sugars. We witness primary and secondary tree growth by observing how tree heights or diameters increase each year. The crown of a tree captures energy and transpires, and the root system of a tree collects water and nutrients and grounds the tree system to prevent catastrophic failure. The bole of a tree provides vertical support and facilitates upward and downward movement of liquids and minerals. Tree shape and form is not only determined by genetics but also by the environment in which it is situated. Individual trees compete for resources with other trees and plants, and each species adapts to the various opportunities that nature provides. Tree growth behavior in groups and in reaction to natural and anthropogenic events needs to be understood by natural resource managers so that sound decisions can be made regarding their management.
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