Abstract
This chapter discusses the systems and the materials suitable for three-dimensional (3D) digital memory with a number of experimental results with the use of photopolymers for read-only memory, lithium niobate crystals as erasable memory, and photochromic organic materials as rewritable photorefractive memory. The comparison between photorefractive 3D memory with a conventional holographic 3D memory and near-field memory is also discussed in terms of dynamic range, noise, recording density, and accessibility. Compared with magnetic data storage, optical memory is advantageous because of its removability, replicability, durability, lightness, and inexpensive price. To exceed the capacity limitation of the surface-recording method of current optical data storage, 3D is introduced with photorefractive materials. Photorefractive materials are suitable for 3D data storage in conjunction with a nonlinear optical system such as the two-photon absorption process of the material for recording and the confocal laser-scanning system for reading.
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