Chapter 9 - The Dynamics of Cell-ECM Interactions, with Implications for Tissue Engineering

Abstract

The ability to perform tissue and organ replacement has led to improved patient quality of life and health care. Most of this success can be attributed to the interdisciplinary approaches taken to tissue engineering. Indeed, currently scientists with very diverse backgrounds, including molecular, cellular, and developmental biologists, collaborate with bioengineers to develop tissue analogues that allow physicians to improve, maintain, and restore tissue function. Several approaches have been taken to achieve these goals. One approach involves the use of matrices containing specific cells and growth factors which can be used as tissue replacements. More recently, stem cell-based therapies are being implemented in conjunction with specific matrices and growth factors. Most of the knowledge that has allowed the advancements in preparation of these substitutes has come from studies investigating the basic mechanisms of the interactions between cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) during development and development-like processes such as wound healing. In this chapter, some of the key findings that led to the understanding of how the dynamics of cell-ECM interactions contribute to cell migration, proliferation, differentiation, and programmed death will be discussed, all of which are important parameters to consider when preparing and using tissue analogues.