Abstract
Conventional desalination processes, powered by fossil energy sources, are featured by high energy consumption, high operating costs, emission of greenhouse gases, and high brine disposal, which all adversely affect the environment. Solar desalination is emerging as a sustainable solution for many water-stressed regions worldwide. However, solar desalination technologies suffer from the uninterrupted process operation, due to the inherent variability and unavoidable fluctuations in solar energy, resulting in a discontinuity in freshwater production. Consequently, to smooth out the process operation and to mitigate the discrepancy between the supplied solar energy and freshwater demand, the coupling of suitable energy storage systems (EST) with solar desalination technologies (SDT) is inevitable. Combining SDT with EST has the advantage of maintaining an efficient and stable operation by storing the excess energy during sunny times to be used in solar-deficit times. Within this framework, this chapter discusses the current energy storage technologies applied for solar desalination systems.
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