Chapter 9 - Smart city and ICT infrastructure with vehicle to X applications toward urban decarbonization

Abstract

Smart cities are rapidly evolving due to the recent development of new technologies, such as information and communication technologies (ICTs) and artificial intelligence. Growing concerns over climate change are also driving global cities to decarbonize energy systems using increasingly cheaper renewable energy, in which smart cities play critical roles. Integration of electric vehicles (EVs) with the ICT infrastructure is an emerging issue to not only accommodate growing EV fleets but also for cost-effective deep decarbonization as energy storage. In this chapter, we review rapidly evolving smart cities and its definition, infrastructure, and disruptive blockchain applications for energy and EV integration. Then, we move on to the vehicle to X technology, a critical application for the future urban decarbonization. Finally, we introduce an important digital platform software (IoT platform), FI (Future Internet)-WARE.