Abstract
Non-exhaust emissions from road dust, such as particulate matter (PM) available for suspension from the road surface, can be a significant contributor to traffic-related PM emissions. The sources of road dust can be many and varied and include traffic-related wear of roads, tires, and brakes, as well as a range of other sources, such as traction sanding, road salt, atmospheric deposition, migration, or entrainment from roadside dust or construction sites. The contributions vary depending on location, tire types, road surface quality, etc. Processes affecting road dust loading and emission include traffic suspension rates, driving patterns, road drainage, and vehicle spray. Importantly, meteorological conditions, such as road surface wetness, have a strong controlling impact on road dust retainment and suspension. As vehicle and road wear sources, often referred to as being direct emissions, can also be deposited on the road surface to become road dust, care should be taken in describing these sources, to avoid any double counting.
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