Effects of Payload on Non-exhaust PM Emissions from Hybrid Electric Vehicle during Braking Sequences

Abstract

Abstract Vehicles equipped with internal combustion engines are known as one of the most important Particulate Matters (PM) emissions sources. Many countries are aware of this issue and interested in employing more electric vehicles to reduce this emission. However, various past research claims that electric vehicles also emitted PM as conventional vehicles due to their non-exhaust emissions such as brake wear, tyre wear, road surface wear, and road dust resuspension. In addition, substantial evidence showed that there was indeed a positive correlation between the weight of vehicles and amounts of non-exhaust PM emissions. This study aims to measure on-road non-exhaust PM emissions from a hybrid electric vehicle during braking sequences. An onboard PM measuring device is attached to the side of the tested hybrid electric vehicle. PM measurements are monitored during the braking sequence in the electrified vehicle mode. Studies of increasing payloads that might affect the tendency of non-exhaust PM emissions are observed. The PM emission pattern during the braking sequence is captured by the current PM measuring setup as seen in the literature. The braking pattern (hard vs. soft brake) shows distinct amounts in PM emissions by a factor of two. Based on experimental data, it is found out that the additional payload of approximately 70 kg increases the amount of non-exhaust PM emissions by almost 20%.