Abstract

Renal malignancies account for 6% of pediatric cancer diagnoses with 7.7 per million under age 15 and 6.1 per million under age 20. In the USA approximately 500–550 children and adolescents are diagnosed with renal tumors yearly. The majority of these are nephroblastoma (Wilms tumor). Non-Wilms tumors, which account for less than 10% of primary renal neoplasms and less than 1% of all childhood cancers, include renal cell carcinoma (RCC), clear cell sarcoma of the kidney (CCSK), malignant rhabdoid tumor of the kidney (MRTK), cystic nephroma, mesoblastic nephroma and renal medullary carcinoma.

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