Abstract
This chapter discusses programming languages used by computers. With machine language a programmer can instruct a computer to perform its most fundamental operations. Computers that can be programmed in machine language generally have a row of switches that can be set manually. The programmer sets a switch one way to represent a 1 and the opposite way to represent a 0. One group of switches is set to the address of the storage location; another group is set to the machine language instruction or data item that is to be placed in that location. The programmer then presses an ENTER key; the machine reads the contents of the switches into the appropriate locations in primary storage. When the entire program has been entered, the programmer presses a RUN key to execute the program.
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