Abstract
Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the precipitation in crystalline solids. Long-range diffusion is critically important in precipitation processes where the new phase has a different chemical composition from the parent phase. In glasses, stress due to the difference in density between the initial and final phases is typically assumed to relax on the same time scale as cluster growth, making it of little consequence. However, stress effects can be critical in nucleation processes in the crystalline state. Defects, such as vacancies and interstitial atoms, are important in solid-state crystallization processes, coupling to nucleation in complex ways. Nucleation data for cobalt precipitation in Cu–Co alloys are reasonably well fit by the classical theory of nucleation. The nucleation kinetics of oxygen precipitates in Czochralski silicon cannot be fit to the classical theory of nucleation. This is an example of a coupling between long-range diffusion and interfacial attachment. The nucleation kinetics is fit well by the coupled-flux model when fluxes of vacancies and interstitial silicon atoms are considered.
Published Version
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