Abstract
This chapter discusses several means through which cells communicate with each other. It briefly describes the chemical synaptic transmission. The chemically mediated transmission is the major means by which a signal is communicated from one nerve cell to another and is the mode of neuronal communication. The catecholamine neurotransmitters are considered in the chapter to illustrate the various steps of chemical neurotransmission. The chapter describes the examination of the particulars of chemical neurotransmission for other classic neurotransmitters. These include the indoleamine serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), acetylcholine, and the amino acids GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) and glutamate. The chapter also presents the key differences between classic and other (nonclassic) neurotransmitters or chemical messengers, including peptide neurotransmitters and unconventional transmitters, such as nitric oxide and growth factors. The relatively high concentrations of classic transmitters permit an easy measurement of these compounds, and thus the measurement of transmitter release is a key criterion for defining a neurotransmitter.
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