Abstract
Open ponds are the most widely used systems for commercial cultivation of microalgae because they are considered more energy-efficient and require less investment for construction and operation than closed reactors. However, there are challenges regarding the use of these systems for the production of biofuels from microalgal biomass. As a strategy to make it viable, this process has been investigated via the implantation of microalgal biorefineries associated with the CO2 fixation from combustion gases, wastewater treatment, and recycling of nutrients. Studies that contribute to the knowledge about open systems and about strategies for the development of sustainable and economically viable processes are increasingly necessary. Thus, the goal of this chapter is to describe the primary open ponds configurations, their application in microalgal cultivation for biofuel production and cost-effective strategies of biomass production in these systems.
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