Abstract
Nephron progenitors give rise to many parts of nephrons, including glomeruli and renal tubules, in vivo. Induction of nephron progenitors from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has enabled the generation of kidney organoids containing multiple nephrons that can be utilized for studies on human kidney development as well as modeling of kidney diseases in vitro. These nephron progenitors are expandable in vitro, and a selective induction method from nephron progenitors toward glomerular podocytes has been established. Another precursor of the kidney, the ureteric bud (UB), can also be induced from human iPSCs, and combinations of nephron progenitors and UBs, together with stromal progenitors, will lead to the generation of higher-order structures of the human kidney.
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