Abstract
The presence of pharmaceutical products in the environment is a global concern. These products enter into the environment through discharge from pharmaceutical industries, discharge from hospitals and research centers, domestic discharge, and improper disposal of pharmaceutical compounds. In the environment, these compounds enter into water bodies and are consumed by organisms, becoming part of the food chain. In addition, these products are found in the surface water, river, lake and are consumed by humans and animals. The existence of pharmaceutical compounds in the environment is associated with health risks to humans and animals and many other hazards such as the development of antibiotic resistance in microorganisms and changing reproductive and physiological behavior of organisms. Due to health concerns, the removal of pharmaceutical waste from wastewater is important and for this many approaches such as microfiltration, reverse osmosis, membrane bioreactor (MBR), etc., are being used. MBR-based wastewater treatment is an advanced and developed technological process for the mineralization of pharmaceuticals from wastewater. MBR utilizes membranes of various pore sizes for solid/liquid separation. Membrane separation technologies, along with bioreactors, have key applications in delivering excellent effluent quality with high operational reliability.
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