Abstract
Immunoassays are commonly used for drug testing in urine. However, immunoassays are used for initial screening only because false-positive test result may occur due to the presence of interfering substances other than the targeted illicit drugs. Usually, competitive immunoassay using one drug or metabolic-specific antibody is used in the design of such immunoassays. Common formats of immunoassays used for drugs of abuse testing include EMIT (enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique), CEDIA (cloned enzyme donor immunoassay), chemiluminescent immunoassays (CLIA), KIMS (kinetic interaction of microparticle in solution), etc. Other than issues of interferences, benzodiazepine immunoassays are not sensitive enough to monitor benzodiazepines in urine in pain management patients.
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