Abstract
Headspace extraction is one of the most straightforward and common sample preparation techniques for gas chromatography. In general, volatile analytes are extracted from liquid or solid samples by placing them in a sealed vial, bringing the system to equilibrium, and collecting a sample of the vapor. Alternatively, a flowing gas stream may be passed through the sample, evaporating the analytes, which are collected on a solid-phase trap. In this chapter, the fundamental theory of headspace extraction is described, followed by descriptions of instrumentation and method development considerations for static headspace extraction, dynamic headspace extraction and headspace solid-phase microextraction, stir-bar sorptive extraction, and single-drop microextraction.
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