Chapter 9 - Economic analysis of energy storage systems in multicarrier microgrids

Abstract

The rapid increase of distributed generations (DGs), including both nonrenewable and renewable energy resources, led the energy sector to transform in a way that seemed improbable in the last few years. In the following of this transformation, multiple energy carriers have been integrated into the new infrastructure, namely multicarrier microgrid (MCMG), to operate together. In addition, multienergy storage systems (MESSs) have emerged, which have a significant role in the multienergy markets. MESSs can participate in the energy markets by saving energy at off-peak hours and delivering at on-peak hours. To this end, a scheduling model MCMG is proposed in this chapter, in which the proposed model can handle different uncertainties using stochastic programming. One of the considered energy storage systems is the hydrogen storage system (HSS), which is a novel technology to save power as hydrogen gas, i.e., power-to-hydrogen (P2H) technology, at low electricity prices and convert hydrogen-to-power (H2P) using hydrogen fuel cell at high electricity price hours if required. Moreover, demand response (DR) program is applied to the system with the aim of controlling end users' load patterns and involving them in the scheduling program. The proposed model is formulated as mixed-integer linear programming (MILP), then the effectiveness of the model is verified through simulation and numerical results. Obtained results show that utilization of the MESSs decreases total operation cost up to 3%.