Abstract
Bioethanol production from renewable biomass has gained considerable attention as one of the alternative biofuels to partially replace conventional fuel from fossil fuel feedstock. In recent years, the production of bioethanol from renewable biomass is far yet to be commercialized due to several limitations at upstream and downstream stages during bioethanol production process. Several problems including energy intensive pretreatment, low sugar yield during hydrolysis, and low conversion efficiency of fermentation of sugar are among the major limitations that affect final bioethanol yield. Development of bioprocess operational modes and strain improvement are crucial to ensure the feasibility of future bioethanol production from different renewable biomass feedstocks. Thus, this chapter provides a review on bioethanol production from various types of biomass feedstocks including local food crops, agro-industry wastes residues, and microalgae biomass. In addition, variations in cost-effective hydrolysis and fermentation separate-hydrolysis-fermentation, simultaneous-hydrolysis-fermentation, and consolidated bioprocessing are discussed. The chapter reviews the factors that influence hydrolysis and bioethanol production as well as strain improvement for better sugar metabolisms.
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