Abstract

The role of free radicals and reactive oxygen species in cell life is causing stress in the cellular environment and in some cases leading to cell death; in addition, their different concentrations in the cell decides the different fates of cells. A considerable amount of evidence has also highlighted the role of these free radicals in cell proliferation, differentiation, death, and apoptosis as different concentrations play diverse roles in cellular environment, such as low concentrations stimulating mitosis and proliferation while a regulated level inhibits the cell cycle and an increased concentration induces apoptosis. This fate-changing impact of free radicals in the cell makes it crucial to identify various methods for the detection of accurate locations and measurements of different concentrations of free radicals in the cell. In addition, different free radicals behave differently in cells depending upon their site of production, degradation, diffusion, and relative concentration at the site of reaction in the cell. This chapter aims to highlight the various different approaches to detect the free radicals and their quantification as well. The different applications or advantages over others and limitations posed by them are also discussed along with their underlying mechanism.

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